Na'urar ƙidayar maki kyauta. Sami matsakaicin makinka mai nauyi daga aikin gida da jarrabawa, ko nemo makin da ake bukata a jarrabawar ƙarshe don kai wa ga maki da ka nufa.
Na'urar ƙidayar maki tana ƙididdige matsakaicin makinka mai nauyi: ninka kowane maki da nauyinsa, ƙara sakamakon tare, sannan ka raba da jimillar nauyin. Don nemo makin da ake bukata a jarrabawar ƙarshe, yi amfani da: Ake Bukata = (Manufa − Na Yanzu × (1 − w)) / w, inda w shine nauyin jarrabawar ƙarshe a matsayin decimal — misali, tare da matsakaicin 75%, jarrabawar ƙarshe mai nauyin 40%, da manufar 80%, kana bukatar 87.5% a jarrabawar ƙarshe.
An sabunta na ƙarshe:
Na'urar Ƙidayar Maki
Na'urar ƙidayar maki tana amsa tambayoyi biyu da kowane ɗalibi yake yi a wani lokaci na semester: "menene makina yanzu?" da "me nake bukata a jarrabawar ƙarshe don kaiwa manufata?" Duka biyun suna dawowa zuwa ra'ayi ɗaya — matsakaicin mai nauyi. A yawancin darussa, ba kowane aiki yake da darajar daidai ba: aikin gida yana iya kasancewa 20% na jimillar maki, jarrabawar tsakiya 40%, kuma jarrabawar ƙarshe sauran 40%. Jimillar makinka shine kowane maki ninka da rabonsa na jimlar.
Lissafin yana da sauƙi: ninka kowane maki da nauyinsa a matsayin decimal, ƙara komai, sannan ka raba da jimillar nauyin. Idan matsakaicin aikin gidanka (20% na makin) shine 90%, jarrabawar tsakiya (40%) ta kasance 75%, kuma aikinka (40%) ya samu 85%, makinka mai nauyi shine 90 × 0.20 + 75 × 0.40 + 85 × 0.40 = 18 + 30 + 34 = 82%.
Maki Masu Nauyi
Matsakaici mai sauƙi yana ɗaukar kowane maki daidai — ƙara su tare sannan ka raba da adadinsu. Wannan yana dacewa da ainihin makinka kawai idan kowane abu yana da nauyi ɗaya, wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba. A misalin da ya gabata, matsakaicin sauƙi na 90, 75 da 85 shine 83.3%, yayin da ainihin makin mai nauyi shine 82%. Yadda nauye-nauyen suka bambanta haka gibin yake ƙaruwa.
Tasirin nauyi yana aiki ta hanyoyi biyu. Kyakkyawan maki a aikin gida mai nauyin 5% ba ya motsa jimillar makinka sosai, yayin da rauni a jarrabawar tsakiya mai nauyin 40% yana janye shi ƙasa sosai. Kafin ka yanke shawarar inda za ka kashe lokacin karatunka, duba jadawalin darasi ka ga inda nauyin yake — sa'a guda a shirye-shiryen jarrabawa mai nauyi mai girma tana da darajar sa'o'i da yawa da aka kashe wajen inganta ayyuka masu ƙarancin nauyi.
Jarrabawar Ƙarshe
Amfani mafi shahara na na'urar ƙidayar maki shine gano makin da ake bukata a jarrabawar ƙarshe. Dabarar ita ce: Ake Bukata = (Manufa − Na Yanzu × (1 − w)) / w, inda w shine nauyin jarrabawar ƙarshe a matsayin decimal. Tana aiki domin matsakaicinka kafin jarrabawar ƙarshe yana bayarwa (1 − w) na jimillar maki, kuma jarrabawar ƙarshe tana bayarwa sauran w.
Misali mai aiki: kana da matsakaici na 75%, jarrabawar ƙarshe tana da nauyin 40% na makin, kuma kana son gama da 80%. Ake Bukata = (80 − 75 × 0.60) / 0.40 = (80 − 45) / 0.40 = 87.5%. Kana bukatar 87.5% a jarrabawar ƙarshe — mai wahala, amma yana yiwuwa da shiri mai kyau.
Idan sakamakon ya fi 100%, manufar ba ta yiwuwa a lissafi — babu wani maki a jarrabawar ƙarshe da zai kai ka can, don haka rage manufar ka yi niyya ga mafi kyawun makin da har yanzu ya yiwu. Idan ya fito 0% ko ƙasa da haka, ka yi murna: an riga an tabbatar da manufarka kafin ma ka zauna jarrabawar.
Kurakurai Na Kowa
Nauye-nauyen da ba su kai 100% ba. A tsakiyar semester wannan al'ada ce — ba a riga an ba ka maki a kan komai ba, kuma wannan na'urar tana daidaita bisa jimillar nauyin don haka matsakaicin da ake gudana yake ci gaba da zama daidai. Amma idan jerinka ya kamata ya rufe dukkan darasin kuma jimlar ba 100% ba ce, mai yiwuwa an rasa rukuni ko an rubuta nauyi ba daidai ba, kuma sakamakon zai yaudare ka a hankali.
Cakuɗe maki da kashi-dari. Idan darasinka ana ba shi maki — misali 43 daga cikin 50 a jarrabawar gajera — fara juya kowane maki zuwa kashi-dari tukuna: 43 / 50 = 86%. Kuma ka tuna dokokin rukuni kamar "an cire mafi ƙarancin maki na aikin gida": aiwatar da su kafin daidaitawa, ko kuma makin da ka ƙididdige zai zama ƙasa da makin da ke gare ka a zahiri.
Tsarin Maki
Wannan na'urar ƙidayar maki tana aiki da kashi-dari domin kusan kowane tsarin maki yana daidaita zuwa gare su. A Amurka, 90–100% yawanci A ne, 80–89% B ne, 70–79% C ne kuma 60–69% D ne, ko da yake ainihin iyakoki sun bambanta bisa makaranta da malami. Yawancin tsarin Turai suna amfani da ma'auni na lamba maimakon — 1–10 a Netherlands, 2–6 a Bulgaria, 1–6 a Jamus — amma sassan darasi guda ɗaya ana haɗa su ta irin hanya ɗaya, ta matsakaici mai nauyi.
Don matsakaici a dukkan darussa maimakon a cikin darasi guda, yi amfani da na'urar GPA, wadda take goyon bayan ma'aunin Amurka na 4.0 da na Turai da nauyin sa'o'i. Kuma idan kana son auna yadda ka inganta daga jarrabawa ɗaya zuwa wata, na'urar kashi-dari tana magance canjin kashi-dari tsakanin kowane maki biyu.
Yi Karatu Da Hikima
Kwafi nauye-nauyen kai tsaye daga jadawalin darasi
Jadawalan darasi suna bayyana ainihin darajar kowane rukuni — aikin gida, gajerun jarrabawa, jarrabawar tsakiya, ayyuka, jarrabawar ƙarshe. Shigar da waɗannan nauye-nauyen sau ɗaya a farkon semester, kuma kowane maki da ka ƙara bayan haka zai sauka a rabo daidai.
Tabbatar jimillar nauyi ta kai 100%
Lokacin da jerinka ya kamata ya wakilci dukkan darasin, nauye-nauyen dole ne su kai daidai 100%. Na'urar tana gargaɗe ka lokacin da ba haka ba — ka ɗauki gargaɗin a matsayin dalili na sake duba jadawalin darasi, ba wani abu da za a yi biris da shi ba.
Sabunta bayan kowane aikin da aka bai wa maki
Matsakaici mai nauyi da ake gudana yana gaya maka da wuri ko kana nisantar makin da ka nufa — yayin da har yanzu akwai lokacin gyara. Jinkirta har mako na jarrabawar ƙarshe don yin lissafin yana kawar da dukkan zaɓinka.
Saita manufar jarrabawar ƙarshe da wuri
Yi amfani da shafin makin ƙarshe tun kafin lokacin jarrabawa. Sanin cewa kana bukatar 65% a jarrabawar ƙarshe shirin karatu ne daban da gano cewa kana bukatar 95% — kuma gano hakan da wata guda ya rage ya fi gano shi a daren kafin jarrabawa.
Ka fifita bisa nauyi, ba bisa ranar ƙarshe ba
Yana da sauƙi a yi aiki a kan duk abin da zai zo gaba, amma jarrabawa mai nauyin 40% ta cancanci shiri fiye da aikin gida mai nauyin 5%. Bari nauyi, ba kalanda ba, ya yanke inda sa'o'in karatunka masu ƙanƙanta za su tafi.
Ninka kowane maki da nauyinsa (a matsayin decimal), ƙara sakamakon tare, sannan ka raba da jimillar nauyin. Misali, idan aikin gida mai nauyin 20% yana da matsakaicin 90%, jarrabawar tsakiya mai nauyin 40% ta samu 75%, kuma aikin mai nauyin 40% ya samu 85%, makinka mai nauyi shine 90 × 0.20 + 75 × 0.40 + 85 × 0.40 = 82%.
A tsakiyar semester al'ada ce — kawai ba ka samu dukkan makinka ba tukuna, kuma na'urar tana daidaita bisa jimillar nauyin da aka shigar, don haka matsakaicin da ake gudana daidai ne. Amma idan jerin ya kamata ya wakilci dukkan darasin, jimlar da ba 100% ba yawanci tana nufin an rasa wani rukuni ko an rubuta nauyi ba daidai ba, wanda zai gurbata sakamakon.
Yi amfani da dabarar: Ake Bukata = (Manufa − Na Yanzu × (1 − w)) / w, inda w shine nauyin jarrabawar ƙarshe a matsayin decimal. Misali, tare da makin yanzu na 75%, jarrabawar ƙarshe mai nauyin 40%, da manufar 80%: (80 − 75 × 0.60) / 0.40 = 87.5%. Wannan shine makin da ka bukata a jarrabawar ƙarshe.
Yana nufin makin da ka nufa ba zai yiwu ba a lissafi — ko da cikakken maki a jarrabawar ƙarshe zai bar ka a ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, rage makin da ka nufa har sai makin da ake bukata ya sauka zuwa 100% ko ƙasa don ganin mafi kyawun jimlar makin da za ka iya samu, kuma ka mai da hankalinka wajen tabbatar da hakan.
Ee — kawai fara juya kowane maki zuwa kashi-dari tukuna. Raba makin da ka samu da makin da ke akwai sannan ka ninka da 100: samun 43 daga cikin 50 a jarrabawar gajera shine 43 / 50 × 100 = 86%. Shigar da wannan kashi-darin tare da nauyin abin, kuma matsakaicin mai nauyi zai yi aiki daidai.
A tsarin Amurka mafi shahara, 90–100% shine A, 80–89% shine B, 70–79% shine C, 60–69% shine D, kuma ƙasa da 60% shine F, sau da yawa da matakan tare-da-cirewa a tsakani. Amma iyakoki suna bambanta tsakanin makarantu da malamai, don haka koyaushe ka duba jadawalin darasinka — wasu suna amfani da 93% don A ko suna daidaita sakamako.